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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international technology business concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (via Baidu Search), and provides a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).
Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth areas. The business is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of investment in expert system, Baidu is one of the few tech business internationally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation models, and applications. [5]
The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese company to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese firm to join the United States-based computer system principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has significantly focused on generative AI related products. [13]
The views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early development
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized links to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a website based on how many other sites had connected to it. [20] It predated the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.
Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled marketers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu whenever a consumer clicked on an ad, predating Google’s approach to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu introduced a news online search engine and photo online search engine, adopting a special recognition technology capable of identifying and organizing the articles. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu received a license from Beijing, which permits the search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides revealing certain results as an online search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to receive such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would partner with Sina to supply mobile search results. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to offer free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees manage their business relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a quote to help drive the development of autonomous cars and trucks including lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this project in July 2017, before gradually presenting fully autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to purchase as numerous as 100 autonomous driving jobs over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software application version 1.5 was also introduced. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several various languages. Smaller than a normal mobile phone, the 140-gram translation device can also be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under development. Baidu will likewise be inserting expert system (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has actually likewise led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu announced that its very first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, staff members, partners, designers, and media to talk about the company’s objective and strategy, innovation advancements, brand-new item advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” portion of its abroad service, which developed a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This organization now operates individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a brand-new Robocar concept said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It also comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to offer predictive ideas to proactively serve the needs of guests.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric lorry company initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first idea ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical vehicle platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had finished six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]
Domain redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were met with a page stating “This website has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on introduced legal action against Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, despite stopping working security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been altered, the individual was able to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, allowing them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]
Baidu employees jailed
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The bribes were allegedly paid for deleting posts from the forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intent to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app store faces privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a conclusive merger arrangement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the biggest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally suggests “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed numerous times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its initial public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s primary advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and is comparable to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits advertisers to have their advertisements shown in Baidu search results pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based on payments by marketers. This has triggered criticism and apprehension among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems regarding reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the very first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid marketers. [71]
Baidu sells its advertising items through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it challenging for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a signed up business address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most pre-owned online search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of revenue in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.
It is also evident that Baidu is trying to get in the Internet social media market. Since 2011 [update], it is discussing the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the global social network, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would deal with off Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] in addition to induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have actually used anticompetitive methods in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]
In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has started to invest in deep knowing research study and is incorporating new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This innovation immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and filters out material that may violate copyright law. This permits Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu announced they gained permits from China to supply the first driverless taxis. The business objective to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars and trucks set to start providing rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the need of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its question results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to penalize the company. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet authorities departments to spot information related to “anti-government rumors” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and devices with signals dispelling misinformation.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big data and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, along with other Internet companies, to “perform unique supervision” on news and info related to the disease. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results reportedly added to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old college student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the healthcare facility, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The occurrence triggered huge online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad earnings, much of which originates from for-profit health centers that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers throughout the country founded by medical entrepreneurs associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce a number of constraints on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising material and establishing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will totally stop industrial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public welfare organizations. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal hospitals have gotten in a duration of industry transformation and updating, and are neither depending on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative influence on the market. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running income improving background programs on user gadgets since at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications established by the business, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet advertisements – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user rating of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among a number of Chinese websites that were prohibited or blocked in India for national security factors. [119]
2024 head of interactions controversy
In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked significant reactions throughout the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a coworker to be on a 50-day business trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused even more conversations among Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the event and has actually presumably lost her job. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by appeal.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.